A Type Rating Endorsement is an additional certification that a pilot must obtain to fly certain types of aircraft that require specialized training due to their complexity or unique operating characteristics. Aviation regulatory bodies mandate type ratings for specific aircraft models, particularly larger and more complex aircraft, such as jets and multi-engine turboprops.
1. Requirement for Specific Aircraft:
ü Not all aircraft require a type rating. Typically, type ratings are required for large, high-performance aircraft, including commercial airliners and business jets.
2. Specialized Training:
ü To obtain a type rating, pilots must complete specialized training that includes both ground school and flight training specific to the aircraft. This training covers the aircraft's systems, performance, limitations, and emergency procedures.
3. Training Components:
ü Ground School: Comprehensive classroom instruction on the aircraft's systems, avionics, performance, and operational procedures.
4. Simulator Training:
ü Extensive training in a flight simulator that replicates the specific aircraft model. This training focuses on normal operations, abnormal procedures, and emergency scenarios.
5. Flight Training:
ü Actual flight time in the aircraft (or full-motion simulator) under the supervision of a qualified instructor.
6. Check-Ride:
ü After completing the required training, pilots must pass a check ride (practical test) with an examiner or an authorized check pilot. The check ride includes an oral exam and a flight test to demonstrate proficiency in operating the specific aircraft.
7. Endorsement on Pilot Certificate:
ü Once the type rating is earned, it is added as an endorsement on the pilot's certificate. This endorsement authorizes the pilot to act as Pilot in Command (PIC) or Second in Command (SIC) of that specific aircraft type.
8. Recurrent Training:
ü Pilots with type ratings must undergo recurrent training and check rides periodically (usually annually) to maintain their proficiency and stay current with any changes in aircraft systems and operating procedures.
9. Examples of Aircraft Requiring Type Ratings:
ü Boeing 737, 747, 757, 767, 777, 787.
ü Airbus A320, A330, A340, A350, A380.
ü Gulfstream G550, G650.
ü Bombardier Global Express, Challenger 600 series.
ü Embraer ERJ 145, E-Jet series.